本科论文摘要近年来我国人口结构逐步老龄化，老年人已成为一个庞大的特殊的社会群体。面对与日俱增的老年人群，我国社会养老机构资源匮乏的情况日益凸显，国家鼓励社会各种力量参与养老院的建设和经营，使得养老院数量不断增加。近年来，养老院火灾发生数量直线攀升，养老院消防安全状况不容乐观，如何增强养老院消防安全，为老年人提供一个安全舒适的场所，已成为当前社会中亟待解决的一个重要问题。本文以沈阳某养老院为对象，首先通过制定安全检查表法对其危险源进行分析，结果表明养老院存在着消防车道的宽度，消防软盘设置间距，养老院内的用房和走道内设置火灾探测器和声警报装置三处，并不符合《建筑设计防火规范》的规定，其余都是符合规定的。进一步地，利用事故树分析法进行危险评价，分别从最小割集合和最小径集合，结构重要度三个方面分析，结果表明养老院存在着发生火灾的风险，需要有效控制养老院内设备维修维护时的操作不当，或一些电焊作业时与氧气瓶等医疗设备距离太近，大量使用易燃的装修材料、被褥、纸张，线路老化，使用不合格电器，散热不充分，自救不及时，消防队灭火失败七个最重要的基本事件，以达到有效有效防止火灾发生的目的。在充分考虑老年人生理、心理特点基础上，分析结果表明发生火灾时可自理老年人可以在6min内完成安全疏散，最后还提出一些火灾防范对策。关键词：养老院火灾：安全检查表：事故树分析法：防范对策本科论文AbstractIn recent years,the population structure of our country is gradually aging,and the elderlyhave become a huge and special social group.Faced with the increasing number of elderlypeople,the lack of resources of social pension institutions in China is becoming increasinglyprominent,and the state encourages all kinds of social forces to participate in the constructionand operation of nursing homes,which makes the number of nursing homes increasing.Inrecent years,the number of fire in nursing homes has risen sharply,and the fire safetysituation in nursing homes is not optimistic.How to enhance fire safety in nursing homes andprovide a safe and comfortable place for the elderly has become an important problem to besolved urgently in the current society.In this paper,the present situation of fire safety innursing homes is discussed.Analysis and fire prevention countermeasures.In this paper,a nursing home in Shenyang is taken as the object.The results show thatthere are three places in the nursing home:the width of the fire lane,the spacing of the firediskette,the fire detector and the sound alarm device in the house and walkway.Further,using accident tree analysis method to carry out hazard assessment,from theminimum cut set and the minimum path set,structural importance three aspects analysis,theresults show that there is a risk of fire in nursing homes,need to effectively control theimproper operation of equipment maintenance in nursing homes,or some electric weldingoperation is too close to medical equipment such as oxygen cylinders,a large number offlammable decoration materials,bedding,paper,line aging,the use of unqualified electricalappliances,insufficient heat dissipation,self-rescue is not timely,fire brigade failure of theseven most important basic events,in order to fire.Taking full account of the physical,Based on the psychological characteristics,the analysis results show that the elderly can takecare of themselves in the event of fire can complete the safe evacuation within 6 min,andfinally put forward some fire prevention countermeasures.Key words:Nursing home fire;safety check form;accident tree analysismethod:countermeasures本科论文目录第1章绪论11.2国内外养老院事故统计21.3养老院火灾的危险性和火灾特点1.3.1养老院火灾的危险性31.3.2养老院火灾的特点41.4国内外研究现状.…1.5研究目的及意义1.5.1研究目的1.5.2研究意义.61.6研究内容和技术路线1.6.1研究内容1.6.2技术路线7第2章火灾发展基本理论2.1火灾发生和发展过程…2.1.1火灾初期增长阶段82.1.2充分发展阶段2.1.3减弱阶段…92.2火灾的蔓延途径2.2.1火灾在水平方向的蔓延2.2.2火灾通过竖井蔓延.….102.2.3其它蔓延途径…112.3火灾发展的性状参数第3章安全检查表…3.1安全检查表的概念…3.1.1安全检查表的内容.123.1.2安全检查表的特点…123.2养老院安全检查表法进行危险源辨识123.3安全检查表结论及建议….14第4章养老院火灾危险性评价.154.1养老院火灾危险性评价方法的选择.154.2养老院火灾事故树的建立.….154.3最小割集和最小径集分析164.3.1最小割集合分析…164.3.2最小径集合分析.164.3.3结构重要度分析…4.4养老院人员疏散安全性分析.174.4.1人员流动速度的影响条件…4.4.2人员疏散决策行为影响因素4.4.3养老院人员疏散时间的计算第5章养老院火灾事故防控对策措施や5.1事故预防对策