本科论文摘要本文首先通过对国内外列车火灾事故案例及其影响因素进行分析，对高速列车火灾危险有害因素进行了辨识，建立列车运营火灾事故树进行定性分析，分析结果表明员工操作失误、消防宣传、可燃物与氧化剂、设施设备故障、消防系统设计缺陷、救援通道不畅、消防管理制度未落实、培训与演练不充分、爆炸、逃生组织不力、救援疏散设施设备不完善、纵火、逃生出口不足、行车事故、乘客违规携带易燃易爆物品、火灾应急预案不到位、消防技能不合格这些因素是导致高铁列车火灾常见的客观因素。进一步地，再对高铁列车火灾危险源进行辨识和评价的基础上，提出了应着重在以下六方面加强高铁列车火灾风险防控：(1)加强对起火源控制(2)提高列车消防灭火能力(3)提高列车上火灾救援疏散能力(4)加强列车上工作人员能力(5)健全列车消防管理制度(6)加强列车消防知识宣传力度。本科论文AbstractFirst of all,through the analysis of domestic and foreign train fire accident casesand their influencing factors,this paper identifies the dangerous and harmful factorsof high-speed train fire,establishes a fire accident tree for qualitative analysis,and theanalysis results show that the staff operation error,fire propaganda,combustible andoxidant,facilities and equipment failure,fire system design defects,rescue channel isnot smooth,and the fire is eliminated The common objective factors leading tohigh-speed rail train fire are:the prevention management system is not implemented,the training and drill are not enough,the explosion,the escape organization is notenough,the rescue and evacuation facilities and equipment are not perfect,the arson,the escape exit is not enough,the traffic accident,the passengers carry inflammableand explosive materials illegally,the fire emergency plan is not in place,and the firefighting skills are not qualified.Further,based on the identification and evaluation of the fire risk sources ofhigh-speed rail trains,the following six aspects are proposed to strengthen the fire riskprevention and control of high-speed rail trains:(1)strengthen the control of firesources;(2)improve the fire fighting capacity of trains;(3)improve the fire rescueand evacuation capacity of trains;(4)strengthen the capacity of the staff on trains;(5)improve the fire management system of trains;(6)strengthen the train fire fightingPropaganda of knowledge prevention.Key words:high speed train;safety;fire;hazard source;fault tree本科论文第一章绪论1.1研究的背景1.1.1高铁的发展1964年日本建成了世界上的第一条时速230kmh的高速铁路。紧接着一些西方发达国家也开始建设。我国2004年才开始模拟建设12000公里连接三个城际客运的专线。截至2008年津京高速铁路才开始正式运营，其时速可达350km/h,已位于世界先进水平，标志着中国高铁时代的到来。据官方统计，到2019年，我国铁路总里程高达13.9万公里，高铁总里程3.5万公里。目前我国人员出行和货物运输大多以铁路运输为主，所以降低铁路运输成本，提高运行速度是当前发展的重点。所以我国实施电力全覆盖，不但降低成本还提高了环保性能。我国对铁路发展做出长期规划，预计到本世纪中叶我国铁路总里程将达到27万公里。1.1.2高铁火灾事故原因分析。为了进一步了解高铁列车和隧道列车火灾发生原因，对近些年高铁列车事故进行统计分析，统计结果如表1-1、表1-2所示。表1-1隧道列车火灾事故发生时间事故地点原因伤亡情况1990梨子园隧道油罐车中部爆炸起火死4伤141991大瑶山隧道烟头起火死12伤201992青藏线18号隧道油罐车脱轨起火无1993蔺家川隧道油罐车爆炸起火死8伤102000基茨施坦霍恩峰隧道电暖空调过热死18伤102009.7乌鞘岭隧道机动车故障引起火灾中断行车约4h2013法国巴黎至里昂间TGV头车机械室故障表1-2高速列车火灾事故