球形微粒对电磁波的散射效应研究球形微粒对电磁波的散射效应研究摘要基于M散射理论，解析研究了带电水滴对电磁波的散射效应。首先概述矢量波动方程的解析求解方法和Mi散射理论，推导出平面波的矢量球函数展开式，给出球形微粒的散射场、散射系数以及散射矩阵的解析式。然后就电中性水滴和带电水滴展开讨论，分析比较电中性球形水滴的散射光强与散射角之间的关系，强调了前向散射的优势。采用MATLAB软件，计算对比了面电导率不同的带电球形水滴对电磁波的散射系数以及散射能量分布的差别。计算结果表明：面电荷使面电导率达到微西门子量级时，对电磁波的散射会产生明显的影响。随着面电导率的增加，散射的多瓣结构减弱，趋于均匀，但前向散射仍比较强烈，后向散射仍略强于侧散射。此外，散射系数会随面电导率的增加发生较大的变化，直到趋于定值该论文有图4幅，表1个，参考文献35篇。关键词：Mie散射球形微粒散射强度电磁波散射球形微粒对电磁波的敞射效应研究Study on Scattering of Spherical Particles onElectromagnetic WaveAbstractAccording to the theory of Mie scattering,we have studied the scattering ofelectromagnetic wave by a charged water droplet.Firstly,we have summarized theanalytic solution of vector wave equation and the theory of Mie scattering.We havededuced the expression of vector spherical harmonic of the plane wave,and given theanalytic expressions of the scattering field,the scattering coefficients and thescattering matrix.Then we have discussed electrically neutral and charged waterdroplets.We have analyzed and compared scattering intensity of a electrically neutraland spherical water droplet,with the scattering angle,emphasized the advantage ofthe forward scattering.By use of MATLAB,we have calculated and compareddifference of scattering coefficients and distribution of scattering energy ofelectromagnetic wave with a charged spherical water droplet of different surfaceconductivity.The results show that when the surface conductivity reachesmicroseconds,there would have a great effect on the scattering of electromagneticwave.With the increase of the surface conductivity,the lobes of scattering woulddecrease and tend to be uniform,but the forward scattering is still strong,and theback-scattering is also stronger than the side scattering.Furthermore,the scatteringcoefficients would have a big change when the surface conductivity increases,untilthe coefficients tend to be constant.Key Words:Mie scattering spherical particles scattering intensity scattering ofelectromagnetic waves球形微粒对电磁波的敞射效应研究目录Abstract图清单.IV表清单IV1绪论2矢量波动方程求解和平面波的矢量球函数展开式2.1矢量波动方程的求解22.2平面波的矢量球函数展开式43球形微粒的散射参量…3.1球形微粒的内部场和散射场683.4散射矩阵4水滴的散射性质134.1呈电中性的水滴134.2带电水滴.…5总结…参考文献….23