论刑法中的认识错误摘要：在法考备考期间，我翻看了分析认识错误的各种学说和相关案例，使我对该问题产生了浓厚的兴趣。但目前在我国刑法中，对刑法上的认识错误没有直接的规定，定罪量刑更多是取决于法官们在该罪名规定基础上的自由裁量权。根据我国刑法的相关规定，认定行为人所实施的行为是否构成故意犯罪，严格要求符合主客观相统一的原则。但在司法实践中，行为人的主观意识和客观发生的危害结果存在不一致的情况时有发生，现实往往是更难以预测的，具有更多的不可预见性。故导致刑事法律实践中关于认识错误的各类问题及漏洞不时发生，所以在判定行为人的刑事责任问题时，探析认识错误理论是尤为重要的，这样才能最大限度地保护被害人的法益及行为人的人权保障。在研究各国学说时，笔者发现，刑法中认识错误的相关理论比较完善的应属德国和日本两个国家，而且该完善的理论体系在刑事法律中己经有明文规定，这对刑事司法实践具有重要的指导作用，避免了各地各院判例不一的情形。鉴于认识错误的理论体现在刑法中的重要性和基本学理上的各种学说，以及在刑法司法实践中遇到认识错误情形案件评价与罪责认定的疑难问题，本文分析了我国刑法学中关于事实认识错误和违法性认识错误的基本概念和分类及其基础理论，对我国刑法中认识错误的各种情形和基础法论以及现在我国司法实践中所存在问题分别进行阐述，并提出相关的完善和立法建议，旨在完善我国刑法中关于认识错误的相关理论。关键词：认识错误、因果关系、定罪量刑、法定符合说、具体符合说On the cognitive error in criminal lawAbstract During the preparation for the legal examination,I looked through various theories andrelevant cases of analysis and recognition errors,which made me have a strong interest in this issue.Butat present,in our criminal law,there is no direct stipulation about the mistake of understanding in thecriminal law.The conviction and sentencing are more dependent on the discretion of the judges on thebasis of the stipulation of the crime.According to the relevant provisions of China's criminal law,it isstrictly required to conform to the principle of subjective and objective unity to determine whether theacts committed by the actor constitute intentional crime.However,in judicial practice,the subjectiveconsciousness of the actor is inconsistent with the objective result of harm.The reality is often moreunpredictable and has more unpredictability.Therefore,all kinds of problems and loopholes ofcognition errors occur from time to time in criminal law practice,so it is particularly important toanalyze the theory of cognition errors when determining the criminal responsibility of the actor,so as toprotect the legal interests of the victim and the human rights of the actor to the maximum extent.Whenstudying the theories of different countries,the author found that the relative theories of understandingerrors in criminal law are relatively perfect in Germany and Japan,and the perfect theoretical systemhas been clearly stipulated in criminal law,which has an important guiding role in criminal judicialpractice and avoids the situation of different cases in different courts.In view of the importance of the theory of cognitive error in criminal law and various theories ofbasic theories,as well as the difficult problems of case evaluation and criminal responsibilitydetermination in the judicial practice of criminal law,this paper analyzes the basic concepts,classifications and basic theories of the cognitive errors of facts and violations of law in the criminallaw of our country,and the cognitive errors in the criminal law of our country In order to perfect thetheory of cognition error in criminal law of our country,this paper expounds the various situations andbasic theories of law and the existing problems in the judicial practice of our country,and puts forwardthe relevant improvement and legislative suggestions.Key words:cognitive error,causality,conviction and sentencing,legal compliance theory,specificcompliance theory目录第1章绪论…11.1我国刑法中关于认识错误的基础理论11.3课题研究方法和内容…21.3.1研究方法…21.3.2研究内容3第2章认识错误情形中的违法性认识错误.…42.1违法性认识错误的基础法理42.2我国刑法理论中关于违法性认识错误的处理原测.4第3章认识错误中的事实认识错误53.1具体的事实认识错误的罪责认定和基础理论53.1.1行为人产生对象认识错误时的罪责认定…63.1.2行为人产生打击错误时的罪责认定…63.1.3危害行为与危害结果产生因果关系错误时的罪责认定73.2抽象的事实认识错误的罪责认定和基础理论.93.2.1具体符合说对抽象的事实认识错误的认定和观点…93.2.2法定符合说对抽象的事实认识错误的认定和观点10第4章司法实践中关于认识错误案件的判例分析..I1第5章刑法中认识错误的立法完善135.1应负刑事责任的认识错误情形及立法建议…135.2不应负刑事责任的认识错误情形和立法建议，13第六章结语.15参考文献：16