长春师范学院本科毕业论文（设计）IntroductionThe science and technology of modern world is developing by leaps andbounds,thus the social life changes greatly.Language is the carrier of culture.People speak differently because they think differently.Because sexdiscrimination exists in most of the social environments and political systems,soit is reflected in language .In the traditional sense of gender,males are superior tofemales.As a universally social phenomenon,it is clearly reflected in language.More andmore scholars concentrate on the relations between language and gender .Many peoplebelieve that language change must be in a dynamic state.This thesis analyses the social andcultural causes of such phenomenon and how people observe the cooperative principleswhen it comes to gender differences.The result gives a hint that the gender differences inverbal communication has already become a focus on the modern linguistics researches.I.A Brief Introduction of Gender language Differences.1.1 Definition of Gender Language DifferencesIt is easily find that gender differences are reflected in language as a basic factexisting in most of the countries and daily life.Man and woman speak differentlybecause they think differently.But what causes the difference?It may be verydifficult to answer the question.A lot of linguists find their interests on it and havetheir researches.It is marked by Lakoff,who published an article named'Language and women's place'.He is the pioneer who holds the view that malesspeak different from females and the ways they speak differently reflect andproduce a superior position in society.Then more and more researchers are taken长春师范学院本科毕业论文（设计）on.First,what is gender?The definition of gender should be recognized moreclearly if it is contrasted with sex.According to Longman dictionary,sex andgender have several explanations .sex 1)the condition of being either male orfemale 2)the set of all male or female people 3)sexual intercourse 4)activityconnected with this actGender 1)(in grammar the system (in some languages )of marking words suchas nouns adjectives and pronoun as being masculine female and neuter 2)tech oreuph.the division into male or femaleFrom the dictionary ,we find that sex refers to the biological divisions into femaleand male but gender refers to the socially constructed categories based on sex.They are clearly distinguished in social and cultural fields.On the contrary theyhave no big differences on biological dimension.Gender differences have been fundamental phenomena in social life and havearose many scholars'interests.It has been long studied fromsociological ,anthropological and linguistic fields .The research began firstly inancient Greek ,Cicero ,who found the linguistic differences between men andwomen.Besides Cicero's finding the drama of ancient Greek also reflected thephenomenon.But until the 20th century ,gender differences are studied inlinguistics .In 1922,Otto Jesphersen,a Danish linguist wrote about thecharacteristics on females'languages on his book language ;its nature ,itsdevelopment and origin But this period the study of language and gender is notsystematic and casual .Language and women's place,published in 1975 ,whichwas written by Robin Lakoff held a view that there must be closely relatedbetween gender differences and social classes.At the same time J.Cotes ,whopublished her famous book ,Women,Men and Language.In the book ,shementioned there are many differences between women's speech and men's speechand she tried to explain why it happens from sociolinguistics.In China ,there are2长春师范学院本科毕业论文（设计）also many scholars who probe into the question .The first Chinese is GuHongming(辜鸿铭)who wrote an article named Chinese Women.Then ChenYuan published his book Sociolinguistic and Language and social life after theCultural Revolution.There are also many books written by later scholars.All these books form the research on gender differences in China.1.2 The Phenomenon of Gender Language Differences inVerbal Communication1)M:What do you want for birthday?W:It doesn't matter.Anything is OK.M:Frankly,what do you want most?W:You don't need to buy something for me,because we cannot afford for it.M:How about going out for a dinnerW:That's right.I don't need the gift because you already have given mewhat I need.From the conversation,the female's content is different from male's speech.Females in most conditions are good at using indirect sentence,while males liketo express their ideas in a direct way.2)W:This TV show is very interestingM:MmW:The man said he loved the woman but this is not true.M:MmW:What do you think?M:Mm ,what did you say?This is a normal conversation in daily life.The woman wants to talk with the manabout love,But the man is not so cooperative that he thinks other things.There isalso a common sense that females pay more attention to keep good relationshipwith others than males.In the above conversation,the woman wants tocommunicate with the man ,and she also hopes the man can say "I love you "to3