基于Pathfinder九号宿舍楼人员疏散研究摘要随着我国综合国力的不断进步，教育事业也蓬勃发展，对学生越来越重视，高校人数不断增加，学生宿舍楼的数量也在增加，但是安全问题也日益突出。学生宿舍杂物的胡乱堆放，宿舍大功率电器的频繁使用，学生安全意识不到位，就会导致火灾事件的发生，造成极其严重的后果。高校学生宿舍安全疏散也存在问题。部分高校采用的是木质楼梯，大大降低了楼梯的耐火程度：有的疏散楼梯设置在一侧或集中布置，相当于只有一部楼梯。个别学校为了节省费用，购买的事故应急照明、紧急疏散指示标志不达标，亮度不够，使用寿命短：部分职业学校对学生管理松散，学生往往有意无意进行破坏：有的工作人员检查不及时，对损坏、过期的设备不能及时发现和更换，管理制度不完善。如今，高校学生宿舍楼的建筑面积一般在数百至数千平方米，一栋宿舍楼大约有成百上千名学生。学校一方面为了管理方便，另一面为了防止学生夜不归宿、夜间外出以及防盗，通常将不常用的出口封锁关闭，只开放一个安全出口，在到宿舍门禁时间后将宿舍出口上锁，学生因特殊原因想进出宿舍，必须由一楼的舍管阿姨用钥匙打开。一旦夜间发生火灾，处置不当将会引发严重的伤亡事故。由于人员的疏散是一个复杂的系统，应急疏散演练活动受时间、心理、身体、外部环境因素的影响，往往与实际疏散结果存在一定的差异，并不能达到预期的疏散效果，同时还会花费巨大的人力、物力和财力。所以，采用先进的计算机仿真技术对人员疏散进行研究，是当前该领域的一个重大课题。首先本课题通过对国内外现状进行了一系列分析，总结相关的理论知识和研究趋势。在理论研究的基础上，针对宿舍楼的结构特点，分析出影响学生疏散的因素，并利用Pathfinder软件对九号宿舍楼进行建模和仿真实验，设置不同因素对学生宿舍楼火灾疏散时间的影响，通过数据分析发现疏散中存在的问题，针对模型中的问题，进行优化设计，从而大大降低学生在宿舍火灾疏散中所用的时间，同时对学生疏散进行了评价并提出相关建议和措施，以确保学生宿舍发生意外事故时，学生可以安全迅速撤离。关键词：学生宿舍：模拟仿真；应急疏散AbstractWith the continuous progress of China's comprehensive national strength,education is alsobooming,more and more attention is paid to students,the number of colleges and universities isincreasing,the number of students'dormitory buildings is also increasing,but the safety problemis increasingly prominent.Students'dormitories are piled up randomly,high-power electricalappliances are frequently used in dormitories,and students'safety awareness is not in place,which will lead to the occurrence of fire events,resulting in extremely serious consequences.There are also problems in the safe evacuation of College Students'dormitories.Somecolleges and universities use wooden stairs,which greatly reduces the fire resistance of stairs;some evacuation stairs are set on one side or centralized layout,equivalent to only one stair.Inorder to save costs,some schools purchased emergency lighting and emergency evacuationinstruction signs that did not meet the standards,were not bright enough,and had short servicelife,which brought great inconvenience to fire evacuation work;some vocational schools hadloose management of students,and students often intentionally or unintentionally damaged;some staff did not check in time,and could not find and replace the damaged and expiredequipment in time The management system is not perfect.Nowadays,the building area ofCollege Students'dormitory building is generally hundreds to thousands of square meters,andthere are about hundreds of students in a dormitory building.On the one hand,in order tofacilitate management,on the other hand,in order to prevent students from staying home at night,going out at night and guarding against theft,the exits that are not commonly used are usuallyblocked and closed,and only one exit is opened.After the access time to the dormitory,the exitof the dormitory is locked.If students want to enter or leave the dormitory for special reasons,they must be opened by the dormitory management aunt on the first floor with a key.In case offire at night,improper handling will cause serious casualties.Because the evacuation of personnel is a complex system,the emergency evacuation drillactivity is affected by time,psychology,body and external environment factors,and often hassome differences with the actual evacuation results,which can not achieve the expectedevacuation effect,but also costs huge human,material and financial resources.Therefore,usingadvanced computer simulation technology to study personnel evacuation is an important topic in