题目：浅谈抗生素的不良反应及合理应用Adverse reactions and rational application of antibiotics目录3Abstract......451.1研究背景及目的…51.2研究现状及意义51.3资料及方法.6第二章结果62.1抗生素不良反应患者的相关情况…62.2抗生素不良反应的相关药物种类62.3抗生素不良反应累及器官与相关临床表现.第三章抗生素所致不良反应类型及表现.73.2毒性反应73.3特异质反应73.4二重感染8第四章抗生素不良反应产生的原因分析84.1抗生素的毒性反应本身较多见并且频繁发生84.2抗生素的使用误区94.2.1患者方面的错误观念…94.2.2临床医生的错误观念94.2.3政府监管措施不力4.2.4其他方面10第五章抗生素合理应用干预105.1患者自身要合理使用药物5.2医护人员方面合理使用.…5.3抗生素的联合应用合理使用5.4加强政府的宣传和政策，确保相关政策落实到位12结论致谢….15摘要随着经济社会的飞速发展，人们的生活质量水平不断提高，医疗技术也在很大程度上得到改善。自从F1 eming在1928年发现青霉素开始，抗菌药物广泛应用于临床。抗生素在细菌感染的治疗中起着重要的作用，但在使用不当的情况下，抗生素会产生一定的不良反应，这会导致机体严重危害及病情恶化等现象。因此，在用药时应尽量加强抗生素的合理使用，避免不良反应的发生。本文的主要目的是对抗生素的不良反应和合理应用进行调研和分析，对抗生素药物所致的不良反应进行概述，并对其合理用药给出建议。结果显示抗生素所致不良反应几率最高的年龄段集中在54~74岁，皮肤问题及其附件是不良反应发生的主要部位，其中在常用的抗生素药物种类中不良反应的所占比例最高是头孢菌素类。对此，需要全面提高医护人员在抗生素管理中的作用，医护人员需要详细了解抗生素的不良反应情况，在抗生素在使用过程中必须严格遵守用药指征、合理使用。这样才能在一定程度上有效减少不良反应的发生，建立可持续发展的抗生素使用体系。关键词：抗生素：不良反应：合理应AbstractWith the rapid development of economy and society,people's quality of lifelevel is constantly improving,medical technology has been greatly improved.Since Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928,antimicrobial agents have beenwidely used in clinical practice.Antibiotics play an important role in thetreatment of some bacterial infectious diseases,but in some cases of improperuse,its adverse reactions will cause certain harm to the body,but also makepatients worse.Therefore,the rational use of antibiotics should be strengthenedas far as possible to avoid adverse reactions.The main purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyze the adversereactions and rational application of antibiotics.The adverse reactions causedby antibiotics are summarized and the methods of rational drug use are putforward.The results showed that the age group with the highest incidence ofadverse reactions caused by antibiotics was 55-75 years old.Skin and itsaccessories were the main sites of adverse reactions,and cephalosporinsaccounted for the highest proportion of adverse reactions among the commonlyused antibiotic drugs.In response,the role of medical staff in antibioticmanagement needs to be improved across the board,medical staff need tounderstand the adverse reactions of antibiotics clinically,in the course ofantibiotic use,we must strictly observe the signs of medication to rationallyuse.Only in this way can the occurrence of adverse reactions be effectivelyreduced to a certain extent and a sustainable antibiotic use system beestablished.Key Words:Antibiotic;adverse reaction;the reasonable application