毕业论文〔设计)A Comparative Analysis of Different Kinds of Humanism inThe Adventures of Huckelberry Finn and The Catcher in theRye1.Introduction.1.1 Mark Twain and Huck..............21.2 Salinger and Holden..................21.3 Classification of humanism....31.3.1 Classical humanism.......31.3.2 Philosophical humanism....42.Human relations…2.1 Huck and Jim .............42.2 Huck and Tom…2.3 Holden and the two nuns...........82.4 Holden and Jane Gallagher.........3.Lying and phoniness.113.1 Lies in The Adventures of Huckelberry Finn..3.2 Phoniness in The catcher in the Rye....................124.Moral values (dilemmas)and worldview134.1 Huck's choices…...........................34.2 Holden's dilemmas.......155.Conclusion….............................17References.…191.IntroductionKnown as the bildungsroman (novel of formative education,class of novel inGerman literature that deals with the formative years of an individual,(see RobertMcHenry,Volume 2,1768:212.)),The Adventures of Huckelberry Finn and TheCatcher in the Rye are very popular with the young people,although this two novelswere written in different period with different theme and background.These twonovels are also the book of Humanism.Humanism is a system of thought thatconsiders that solving human problems with the help of reason is more important that毕业论文〔设计)religious beliefs.It emphasizes the fact that the basic nature of human being is good.(see Sally Wehmeier,1970:862.)In this dissertation I am going to compareHumanism in two books and find out the different emphasizing aspects on Humanism.It also can reflect the different humanistic ideas in 19th century and 20h century.1.1 Mark Twain and HuckThe name of Mark Twain is much better known than Samuel Clemens.In thehistory of American literature,Twain is a great realist and satirist in late 19th century.His major works were written in the period from 1870-1910 when America wastransformed from free trade capitalism to monopolistic stage with a high speed.Mostof his works reflect the American social life and have great significance.In 1884,Mark Twain wrote one of the most controversial and remembered novels in the worldof literature,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Twain made Huckleberry Finnrepresent him fictionally in this book.Huck did the same typical boy things as Twain.Twain based this book on things that were happening during this time in his life.InThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,Mark Twain reveals the American social lifeand concern about the humanity and conscience's development and perfection.1.2 Salinger and HoldenComparing the past life experience of Salinger with the Holden who is theprotagonist in his masterpiece The Catcher in the Rye,it is clear that there are somany similarities in them.No wonder Salinger can reveal the younger boy's mental2毕业论文〔设计)activity profoundly and strike a sympathetic chord among the young people."TheCatcher in the Rye is like an autobiography.He had Holden raised in a similar settingas himself,and all of Holden's outstanding characteristics like his reclusive nature,discontent,and anger towards the movie industry are all from Salinger's personal life"(Net.1).Salinger created Holden for criticizing the coldness,phony,superficialnessand lack of the humanistic care in the world.1.3 Classification of humanismWhat is humanism?Nobody can easily answer this question because thedefinitions of humanism are very different in different period of the time.Thedevelopment of Humanism has been passed through a long time and its emphasizingaspects are various.Although they share many fundamental principles,there is a greatdeal of variety among them-not simply in their conclusions about specific issues,butalso in their more philosophic attitudes.So,this dissertation will summarize two kindsof Humanism,Classical Humanism and Philosophical Humanism.1.3.1 Classical humanism"Classical humanism hold the belief that individual worth came from theindividual's capacity to reason,which could shape character and life according torarional standards."(Net.2)Lewis Loflin regards Classical Humanism as a philosophy of reason and sciencein the pursuit of knowledge.Therefore,when it comes to the question of the most3