Cultural Default andReconstruction in Intercultural CommunicationTranslation-With Special Reference to Chinese Popular Sayings/Popular Phrases TranslationAbstractCultural Default as a communication tactic is commonly used by those people whoshare the same cultural environment.This tactic omits the shared culturebackground knowledge among members of the same community,so as to improvecommunication efficiency and rhetorical effect.Because of culture difference,thetacit understanding between the source text author and source text readers does notexist between the source text author and the target text readers;therefore,culturaldefault poses huge difficulties in translation.In order to facilitate the target textreaders to appreciate the beauty of the source text,the translator,as culturalexchange emissary,he is responsible to make appropriate reconstruction of culturaldefaults,and fill the inexplicable sense of vacuum in the translation process;however,excessive reconstruction is harmful to the implicit and concise beauty ofthe source text.Chinese popular sayings/popular phrases,come from the folk,andare passed down from one generation to another.Their language forms are veryflexible,cultural default is a very common phenomenon.Due to the requirement ofrhetoric and the unification of interestingness and philosophy,culturalreconstruction in Chinese popular sayings/popular phrases subjects many constrainsand limitations.The translator should not only express the meaning,but also try toreconstruct the style of the source text during the process of translation.According to the schema theory,new information is meaningful only when it canbe related to the existing background knowledge.When new information is implantedinto the reader's cognitive system,their cognitive mechanism will automaticallysearch for the mapping schema to fill its slots so as to activate that schema.Thetranslator can reconstruct the cultural background information to help the target textreaders activate their corresponding cultural schema,so as to realize cross-culturalcommunication.In this paper,the author will study several aspects of cultural reconstructionmethod according to the characteristics of Chinese popular sayings/popular phrases,and at the same time,put forward some suitable reconstruction method of culturaldefault in Chinese popular sayings/popular phrases translation according to theworking mechanism of cultural schema.At the end,the author points out that when reconstructing cultural default inChinese popular sayings/popular phrases,the translator should considerate bothimplicitness and concise beauty of these phrases,and try his best to reconstruct theircharacteristics.However,that is under one condition,that's when the culturalinformation is fully translated,if the translator can not do both,priority should begiven to the reconstruction of cultural information,because the cultural exchange isan important purpose of translation,it's also the cooperation basis between thosecountries who share distinctive cultures.Key words:cultural default,cognitive mechanism,cultural schema theory,culturalreconstruction,the translator's cultural awareness,popular sayings/popularphrases translation2摘要文化缺省作为一种交际策略，在日常生活中，同一文化环境的人们在交流时比较普遍地使用。这一策略省略了同一文化成员之间一些共有的文化背景知识，从而提高交流的效率和修辞效果。但由于文化的差异，原作者与原文读者之间的这种默契不可能天然的存在于原作者与目的语读者之间，这就使得文化省略在翻译中变得非常棘手。为了使目的语读者也能充分的欣赏到原文作品的优美，译者作为文化交流的使者，就有必要对其作出适当的重构，填补那些莫名的意义真空：然而过度的重构又会使得原文的含蓄性和简洁美遭受损坏。中国俗语，来自民间，广泛流传，其语言形式非常灵活，涉及到文化缺省的情况非常多。由于俗语讲究修辞手法，讲究趣味性与哲理性的统一，所以，文化的重构受到很多的限制和阻碍。翻译时不仅要把意思表达出来，还要尽量追求文体风格的统一。根据图式理论，只有把新信息和已有信息联系起来，才能产生意义。当新信息被植入读者的认知体系中，他们的认知机制就会自动去搜索相关联或相应的图式，并把新信息放入图式的空位以激活此图式。译者可把原文省略的文化背景信息在译文中重构出来，为目的语读者提供填充项填补原文中文化缺省词的图式，以帮助他们成功激活相应的文化图式，达到跨文化交流的目的。在此论文中，作者会根据中国俗语的特点，从几个方面去研究文化重构的方法，并根据文化图式的工作理论提出中国俗语翻译中文化缺省部分合适的重构方法。最后，作者提出译者在重构俗语中文化缺省时，应该考虑到俗语的含蓄性和简洁美，尽量重构俗语的这些特征。但这是在文化信息得到充分翻译的前提下提出来的，如果译者无法做到两者兼顾，只能优先考虑重构俗语的文化信息，因为文化的交流是翻译的一个重要目的，是当今世界有着不同文化的国家间合作的前期。关键词：文化缺省，认知机制，文化图式理论，文化重构，译者的跨文化意识，俗语翻译3