果蔬“最先一公里”冷链物流研究内容摘要随着生活质量的提升，人们开始追求食品的安全性和质量水平，在购买生鲜果蔬时新鲜度成为其购买的决定因素。但随着冷链物流的快速发展，果蔬行业也处于举步维艰的处境里，频频有新闻报道许多果蔬在产地积压、滞销，未运送到供应市场就已经损坏的现象层出不穷，消费者网购后收到的是腐烂恶臭的水果和蔬菜。导致这些现象出现是因为果蔬对时间和温度的敏感度大，在采摘后不进行产地预冷就直接进入流通环节，加大在运输途中或者末端配送的损腐率。果蔬在种植地采收后进行预冷、分级、深加工、包装以及冷库冷藏，直至装上车辆移交到运输干线这一阶段为果蔬“最先一公里”冷链物流，作为冷链物流的最前端，果蔬的预冷环节就发生在“最先一公里”中。冷链功能的缺失，使“最先一公里”冷链物流出现各种弊端，因此加强果蔬“最先一公里”冷链物流系统建设成为当下解决果蔬行业窘迫的首要任务。在此基础上，本文从国情和实际情况出发，查阅各类关于果蔬“最先一公里”冷链物流发展的文献和研究方向，透彻分析在发展过程中存在的弊端，从各个角度综合思考提出解决方案，构建一个较为完善的冷链物流系统，为保障果蔬产品在流通过程的质量提供参考意见，从而探寻出一条符合我国果蔬冷链物流发展的顺利之路。关键词：果蔬冷链：最先一公里：冷链物流系统；问题与对策Research on the development of "the first kilometer"coldchain logistics of fruits and vegetablesAbstractWith the improvement of life quality,people begin to pursue the safety and quality level offood.Freshness becomes the decisive factor in purchasing fresh fruits and vegetables.However,with the rapid development of cold chain logistics,the fruit and vegetable industry is also in adifficult situation There are frequent news reports that many fruits and vegetables are overstockedand unsalable in the production area,and have been damaged before they are transported to thesupply market.Consumers receive rotten and stinking fruits and vegetables after onlineshopping.This occurs because fruits and vegetables are sensitive to time and temperature.Afterpicking,fruits and vegetables directly enter the circulation link without precooling in theproduction area,and increase the damage and corrosion rate in the transportation or enddistribution.Fruits and vegetables are pre cooled,graded,deep processed,packaged andrefrigerated in the cold storage after being collected in the planting area until theyare loaded andhanded over to the transportation trunk line.This stage is the "first kilometer"cold chain logisticsof fruits and vegetables.As the front end of the cold chain logistics,the pre cooling link of fruitsand vegetables occurs in the "first kilometer".The lack of cold chain function makes the "firstkilometer"cold chain logistics appear various disadvantages.Therefore,strengthening theconstruction of "first kilometer"cold chain logistics system of fruits and vegetables has becomethe primary task to solve the dilemma of the fruit and vegetable industry.On this basis,this article embarks from the national conditions and actual situation,refer tothe various of fruits and vegetables first one kilometer cold-chain logistics development literatureand the research direction,thorough analysis of the disadvantages exist in the process ofdevelopment,propose solutions from different angles comprehensive thinking,build a moreperfect cold chain logistics system,in order to guarantee the quality of the fruit and vegetableproducts in circulation process to provide reference opinions,thereby to find a smooth road of thefruit and vegetable cold chain logistics development in our country.Key words:Fruit and vegetable cold chain:the first one kilometer:cold chain logistics system:problems and Countermeasures目录IAbstract.....II1(一)研究背景(二)研究意义1(三)国内外研究现状21.国外研究现状.·22.国内研究现状..3(四)研究内容34第二章相关理论基础介绍.·4(一)冷链物流概述41.冷链物流含义45(二)果蔬“最先一公里”冷链物流51.果蔬“最先一公里”定义....55第三章果蔬“最先一公里”冷链物流系统分析6(一)果蔬“最先一公里”冷链物流系统的要素61.“最先一公里”网点..883.冷链运输路线84.选址模型构建84.1问题描述...94.2模型构建.99