目录1绪论…1.1研究背景…1.2研究目的及意义…1.3国内外研究现状1.3.1国内研究现状….21.3.2国外研究现状…32明代对言官制度的继承与发展…2.1明代之前的言官制度…2.1.1先秦时期：我国言官制度萌芽阶段…2.1.2秦汉时期：我国言官制度的形成阶段…2.1.3魏晋南北朝：我国言官制度的发展阶段….52.1.4隋唐时期：我国言官制度的成熟阶段2.1.5宋元时期：我国言官制度的强化阶段52.2明代言官制度的建立..52.2.1明代言官机构的建立…2.2.2明代言官的选拔制度.2.2.3明代言官的考核制度…..62.2.4明代言官的升迁制度.2.2.5明代言官的惩黜制度.…73明代言官制度的政治功能3.1维护封建皇权…3.2维持良好的官场氛围.…3.3缓解社会矛盾…4明代言官队伍的腐败蜕变104.1明代言官队伍腐败蜕变的主要表现4.1.1渎职敷衍…4.1.3贪赃枉法4.1.4党同伐异…4.2明代言官队伍腐败蜕变的主要原因124.2.1明代言官制度的崩坏…124.2.2言官自身信仰的动摇.….134.2.3封建皇权对言官的抑制打击135明代言官制度对当代秘书的启示5.1明代言官制度对当代秘书工作的启示..135.1.1文化底蕴.…145.1.2进言艺术…5.1.3超前意识.155.1.4灵活应变155.2明代言官制度对当代秘书人员品德修养的启示.165.2.1戒骄戒躁，做到谨慎用权.165.2.2公私分明，拒绝违心顺从5.2.3淡迫名利，甘做幕后英雄.175.2.4实事求是，坚持理情分明175.2.5廉洁奉公，保持两袖清风…6结语.18致谢…明代言官制度对当代秘书工作的启示赵曼丽摘要：明代言官制度是古代中国历朝历代的言官制度中最为完善的一项官员制度。明代言官由给事中和御史组成，主要职责是司职监察，他们在维护皇权、维持良好的官场氛围、缓解社会矛盾等方面发挥了积极的作用。然而，由于明朝中后期社会的政治、经济、文化等方面的变化，明代言官群体中部分言官，也出现了蜕变现象。明代言官制度为当代秘书人员提供很多应该摈弃的反面教材，也值得当代秘书人员总结反思经验教训。关键词：明代言官：政治功能：蜕变；品德修养：启示The enlightenment of speech and officialsystem in Ming dynasty to contemporarysecretary workByZhao ManliApril,2020Abstract:The speech and official system in Ming dynasty is the most perfect oneamong the speech and official systems in ancient China.In the Ming dynasty,theofficials were made up of officials from the central government and the imperial court.Their main responsibility is to supervise the office,but also in the maintenance of theimperial power to clarify the official to ease social contradictions and other aspectsplay an active role.However,on account of the political,economic and culturalchanges in the society in the middle and late Ming dynasty,some of the speechofficials in the Ming dynasty had a metamorphosis.The speech and official system ofMing dynasty provides many negative teaching materials that should be abandonedfor the contemporary secretary personnel,and it is also worth summarizing andreflecting the experience and lessons of the contemporary secretary personnel.