浅析影响油船安全的因素及相应的对策摘要油船(oil tanker),是一种水上运输的交通工具。据现有的文献资料显示，油船的历史悠久。早在1886年，建造的“好运”号帆船，能装载石油两千多吨，对于当时来讲，“好运”号干货船是世界上第一艘同现在的油船样貌十分相似的油船了。油船，即载运散装石油及成品油的液货船，是指建造或为主要在其装货处所装运散装油类(原油或石油产品)的船舶，包括油类、散货两用船，以及全部或部分装运散装货油，并符合《73/78防污公约》附则Ⅱ所规定的任何化学品液货船。油船的使用，为人类的建设与发展提供了大大的便利。当然，任何事物都有它的好坏，游船也不例外。这把双刃剑在为我们提供便利之外，易燃易爆对于它来说，所产生的威力十分巨大。不仅死伤惨重，而且还会大面积的污染水源。本文着重介绍了影响油船安全的因素及其相应的对策。【关键字】：液货船历史悠久易燃易爆提供便利Analysis of factors affecting oil tanker safety andcorresponding countermeasuresAbstractOil tanker (oil tanker),is a kind of water transport vehicles.According tothe existing literature,the oil tanker has a long history.In early 1886,theconstruction of the "good luck"the sailing ship,carrying more than 2thousand tons of oil,for the time,"good luck"dry cargo ship is theworld's first one with the current appearance is very similar to the oiltanker.Oil tankers,tankers that carrying bulk oil and oil product,mainlyrefers to the construction or in the cargo spaces for bulk oil (crude oil orpetroleum products)of the ship,including oil,bulk ship,and all or part ofthe shipment of bulk cargo,and in accordance with "any chemical tankersunder MARPOL 73/78"annex II.The use of oil tankers has providedgreat convenience for the construction and development of mankind.Ofcourse,everything has its good and bad,and the boat is no exception.This double-edged sword to provide us with convenience,flammable andexplosive for it,the power generated is very large.Not only casualties,but also a large area of water pollution.This paper introduces the factorsthat affect the safety of oil tankers and the correspondingcountermeasures.Key words:liquid cargo ship has a long history of flammabland explosive facilities.2目录42油船的营运影响2.1油船的营运2.2油船事故分析调查52.3强化监管措施…53加强油船自身安全保障.3.1针对大中型油船压载现状73.3安全诚信油船的评选及管理74事故油船及普通油船的基本情况“硬件”4.1油船“MOT运价制度”84.2控油密度空置间4.3卸油完毕注意事项5事故油船及普通油船的基本情况“管理”105.2提高船员素养…53重要文件备份5.4安检严把关116结语…致谢.133